Pneumonia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options
Pneumonia is a serious lung infection that can affect anyone, from infants to the elderly. It causes inflammation in the air sacs (alveoli) of one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus. If left untreated, pneumonia can lead to severe complications, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or existing respiratory conditions.
In this blog, we’ll cover the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of pneumonia, and why timely consultation with a specialist is crucial for recovery.
What is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs. It may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Depending on the cause, the symptoms and severity can range from mild to life-threatening. It is especially dangerous for infants, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems or chronic respiratory illnesses.
Common Causes of Pneumonia
Pneumonia is most often caused by:
- Bacteria – The most common type is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Viruses – Such as influenza, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), and COVID-19.
- Fungi – Less common and typically affect people with weakened immune systems.
In some cases, pneumonia can also result from aspiration—when food, drink, or vomit enters the lungs instead of being swallowed into the esophagus.
Symptoms of Pneumonia
Pneumonia symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over a few days. These include:
- Cough (with phlegm or dry)
- Fever, chills, and sweating
- Chest pain while breathing or coughing
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue and weakness
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
- Confusion, especially in older adults
If these symptoms persist or worsen, immediate medical attention is necessary.
Risk Factors for Pneumonia
You may be more prone to developing pneumonia if you:
- Smoke or have a history of smoking
- Have chronic lung diseases such as asthma or COPD
- Are elderly or very young
- Have a weakened immune system
- Are hospitalized, especially if on a ventilator
Diagnosing Pneumonia
A pulmonologist will typically diagnose pneumonia using a combination of:
- Physical examination
- Chest X-ray
- Blood tests to identify infection
- Sputum test to pinpoint the cause
- Pulse oximetry to measure oxygen levels in your blood
Correct diagnosis helps in tailoring the best treatment plan.
Treatment Options for Pneumonia
The treatment of pneumonia depends on the type and severity of the infection. Options may include:
- Antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia
- Antiviral medications for viral pneumonia
- Antifungal treatment for fungal pneumonia
- Oxygen therapy in severe cases
- Fever reducers and pain relievers to manage symptoms
Mild cases can often be treated at home, but severe pneumonia may require hospitalization.
Preventing Pneumonia
Prevention is always better than cure. Here are a few steps to lower your risk:
- Get vaccinated (pneumococcal vaccine and flu shot)
- Practice good hygiene—wash hands regularly
- Quit smoking
- Boost your immunity through a healthy diet and exercise
- Avoid close contact with sick individuals
When to See a Pulmonologist
If you experience persistent cough, high fever, or breathing difficulty, don’t delay. A pulmonologist can help detect complications early and provide the right care.
In Jaipur, Dr. Pankaj Gulati is a highly trusted name in respiratory care. He specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia and other pulmonary conditions. You can consult him at:
📍 Shalby Hospital, Sector 3, 200 ft Bypass, Vaishali Nagar, Jaipur – 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM
📍 Medinova Super Speciality Clinic, Shyam Nagar, Jaipur – 5:30 PM to 8:00 PM
Expert Care for Lung Infections
Timely diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia are vital for a full recovery. Whether it’s a mild infection or a severe case needing advanced care, consulting a specialist can prevent complications. If you’re searching for the Top Pulmonologist in Jaipur, asthma specialist doctor in Jaipur, or an Allergy Doctor in Jaipur, Dr. Pankaj Gulati offers expert care with a compassionate approach.